Finalise introduction
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@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ Whether it is \textcite{nott2003}, \textcite{nandasena2011} or \textcite{weiss20
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equations suffer from a major flaw; they are all based on simplified analytical models and statistical analysis.
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equations suffer from a major flaw; they are all based on simplified analytical models and statistical analysis.
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Unfortunately, no block displacement event seems to have been observed directly in the past.
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Unfortunately, no block displacement event seems to have been observed directly in the past.
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In this paper, we study such an event. On February 28, 2017, a 50T concrete block was dropped by a wave on the crest of the
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In this paper, we study such an event. On February 28, 2017, a 50T concrete block was dropped by a wave on the crest of
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Artha breakwater. Luckily, the event was captured by a photographer, and a wave buoy located 1.2km offshore captured
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the Artha breakwater. Luckily, the event was captured by a photographer, and a wave buoy located 1.2km offshore
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the seastate. Information from the photographer allowed to establish the approximate time at which the block
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captured the seastate. Information from the photographer allowed to establish the approximate time at which the block
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displacement occured. The goal of this paper is to model the hydrodynamic conditions near the breakwater that lead to
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displacement occured. The goal of this paper is to model the hydrodynamic conditions near the breakwater that lead to
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the displacement of the 50T concrete block.
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the displacement of the 50T concrete block.
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@ -61,17 +61,21 @@ using smoothed-particles hydrodynamics (SPH) or volume of fluid (VOF) models. SP
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representation of the fluid, while VOF models rely on an Eulerian representation. VOF models are generally more mature
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representation of the fluid, while VOF models rely on an Eulerian representation. VOF models are generally more mature
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for the study of multiphase incompressible flows.
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for the study of multiphase incompressible flows.
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In this paper, we use two nested models: a large scale one-dimensionnal model to study the transformation of the wave
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In this paper, we first use a one-dimensionnal depth-averaged non-linear non-hydrostatic model to verify that the
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from the wave buoy to the proximity of the breakwater, and a VOF model in two vertical dimensions to study the
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signal measured by the wave buoy can be used as an incident wave input for the determination of hydrodynamic conditions
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hydrodynamic conditions near the breakwater. The large scale model uses SWASH \parencite{zijlema2011} a depth-averaged
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near the breakwater. For this model, we use a SWASH model \parencite{zijlema2011} already calibrated by
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non-linear non-hydrostatic model that was already calibrated by \textcite{poncet2022}. The nested model uses olaFlow
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\textcite{poncet2022} on a domain reaching 1450m offshore of the breakwater.
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\parencite{higuera2015}, a VOF model based on volume averaged Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (VARANS) equations which
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relies on a macroscopic representation of the porous armour of the breakwater. The model is qualitatively calibrated
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using photographs from the storm of February 28, 2017.
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Results from the nested models are compared to the analytical equations provided by \textcite{nandasena2011}.
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Then, we use a nested VOF model in two vertical dimensions that uses the output from the larger scale SWASH model as
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initial and boundary conditions to obtain the hydrodynamic conditions on the breakwater. The models uses olaFlow
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\parencite{higuera2015}, a VOF model based on volume averaged Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (VARANS) equations, and
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which relies on a macroscopic representation of the porous armour of the breakwater. The model is qualitatively
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calibrated using photographs from the storm of February 28, 2017. Results from the nested models are finally compared
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to the analytical equations provided by \textcite{nandasena2011}.
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\section{Results}
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\section{Results}
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\subsection{Reflection analysis}
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\section{Discussion}
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\section{Discussion}
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